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He held research positions at the University of Wisconsin, the Philip Morris Inc., and the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute

The medication maintained its superior effectiveness at both 4-week and 8-week follow-ups, with 1.71 and 1.95 times higher odds of abstinence, respectively

Gottlieb said he was mindful of stories he has heard from vapers who say e-cigarettes helped them kick the smoking habit

Data analysis Item reduction and internal construct validity: Assessed through the application of the RMT analyses 71 aiming at comparing observed data against the stringent criteria of the Rasch model (see Supplementary Table S3 for more details on the definition and acceptability criteria for RMT analysis)