Sclerotherapy is inexpensive, generally provides rapid results, and is suitable for use in older or frail patients (Wittens 2015
How B12 Injections Are Administered B12 Injections are typically administered either intramuscularly, where the vitamin is delivered directly into the muscle for rapid absorption, or subcutaneously, where it is placed under the skin for slower release
(There is a method, advocated by some US doctors, in which phenobarbitone, a long-acting barbiturate, is substituted for a benzodiazepine and then slowly withdrawn, but this method has no particular advantages over tapering directly from a long-acting benzodiazepine)
Overall, the lower abundance of Streptococcus , Prevotella , and Lactobacillus in PPI-treated patients suggests that these strains may also be involved in PPI-induced FD