b12 injection vs b12 oral vitamin supplementation methods Oral vs. Intramuscular Vitamin B12

The primary causes of a Vitamin B12 deficiency include: For a more comprehensive understanding, more information can be found here

Usage: Target Species: Horses, cattle, dogs, and cats Indications: Treatment and prevention of anemia due to Vitamin B12 deficiency Administration: Dosage: Horses and Cattle: 14 mL administered subcutaneously (S.C.), intramuscularly (I.M.), or intravenously (I.V.) Dogs and Cats: 0.51 mL administered S.C., I.M., or I.V

Pernicious anemia is a very rare autoimmune disorder that does not allow for proper vitamin B12 absorption which ultimately leads individuals to have an irreversible deficiency in this vitamin

Each empty sterile vial contains one drop of pyrogen-free water to render the vial sterile upon autoclaving (sterilization process).