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JAMA 311 , 17701777 (2014)

Biologic therapies are better suited for advanced degeneration, chronic pain from structural issues, long-term joint deterioration, and significant tendon or ligament injury

The buffer may be histidine, in a concentration of 3-30 mM

Senescent Chondrocyte Removal & Chondrogenic Potential Restoration (PMC, 2021) FOXO4-DRI Removes Replication-Stress Senescent Chondrocytes in ACI Research Model A study published in PMC investigated FOXO4-DRI in the context of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) a procedure in which in vitro chondrocyte expansion generates a senescent cell burden that adversely affects cartilage formation quality and quantity