The established treatment paradigm now favors starting with anabolic therapy (teriparatide or abaloparatide) and then switching to an antiresorptive (bisphosphonate or denosumab) to maintain gains
Nonetheless, whether ferroptotic cell death is associated with the effects of GSH depletion on RPE is unknown
This is due to the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POD, CAT and APX, together with the increase in photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total pigments (Ibrahim et al., 2017)
Furthermore, lactate has emerged as a key player in immune regulation, with evidence pointing to its impact on immune cell function through mechanisms such as receptor signaling via GPR81 and histone lactylation, which are closely linked to its immune-modulatory effects [16]