Signs of contamination or degradation: Cloudiness or turbidity (potential bacterial growth or precipitation) Visible particles or crystals (potential contamination or degradation products) Discolouration or browning (potential oxidative degradation) Visible mould growth (rare, but indicates severe contamination) Unpleasant or unusual odour (potential bacterial contamination) Action: If any of these signs are observed, discard the vial immediately
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By modulating specific neural circuits, this technique offers precise control over brain function, providing alternatives to traditional pharmacological treatments, which are often associated with systemic side effects (Marquez-Franco et al., 2022)