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Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), sense microbial components and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering activation of signaling cascades such as NF-B, MAPK, and inflammasomes (e.g., NLRP3), which further amplify the inflammatory response [40]
Infectivity assays Assays were performed with BSR-T7 cells maintained in G-MEM BHK-21, supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Life Technology) and MEM NEAA (Gibco) seeded into 96-well plates
Packaging Assurance & Swift Supply Our injection packs are supplied in sets of 5 x 5 ml ampoules per box, ensuring stock is ready for immediate dispatch upon purchase order confirmation