Hydroxocobalamin is the standard UK preparation, administered intramuscularly for conditions like pernicious anaemia and gastrointestinal malabsorption B12 acts as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and nervous system function, supporting energy metabolism pathways Common side effects include injection site reactions, mild gastrointestinal upset, and temporary urine discolouration, with serious reactions being rare NHS access requires GP assessment with blood tests
However, as with any supplement or medication, proper dosage and medical guidance are recommended
What the Research Shows In the STEP 1 clinical trial, published in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism (Wiley), participants receiving semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly achieved an average weight loss of 17.3% over 68 weeks, compared with 2.0% in the placebo group
When comparing oral capsules and injections, the right choice depends on your goals