Health outcome variables were all causes mortality (ICD-9 codes 001998), all cancer (ICD-9 codes 140208), oral cancer (ICD-9 codes 140149), esophageal cancer (ICD-9 codes 150), stomach cancer (ICD-9 codes 151), colon rectum cancer (ICD-9 codes 153154), liver cancer (ICD-9 codes 155), pancreas cancer (ICD-9 codes 157), lung cancer (ICD-9 codes 162), breast cancer (ICD-9 codes 174), prostate cancer (ICD-9 codes 185), bladder cancer (ICD-9 codes 188), Diabetes mellitus (ICD-9 codes 250), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (ICD-9 codes 390459), ischemic heart disease (ICD-9 codes 410414), stroke (ICD-9 codes 430438), respiratory system disease (ICD-9 codes 460519), COPD (ICD-9 codes 491496), digestive system disease (ICD-9 codes 520579), cirrhosis (ICD-9 codes 571), kidney disease (ICD-9 codes 580589), accidents (ICD-9 codes 800949) and suicide (ICD-9 codes 950959)

One study conducted in the United States in 1992 investigated personal characteristics such as gender, self-efficacy, self-esteem, parental supervision, and perceived stress, as potential moderators of peer influence in adolescent smoking and found significant moderating effects of self-efficacy (Stacy et al., 1992)
Members can save up to $1 per gallon in stackable discounts, on any fuel purchase up to 25 gallons
By taking advantage of Lasiotrap or Contrap, the use of harmful insecticides -- and thus pest control costs --can be significantly reduced, Danielsen concludes