Reference Gao, Ganocy and Conroy9,Reference Temmingh, Williams, Siegfried and Stein12,Reference Baker, Hides and Lubman13 Similarly, psychosocial interventions such as motivational interviewing, cognitivebehavioural therapy and contingency management have only shown small, short-term effects Reference Buckner, Zvolensky, Ecker, Schmidt, Lewis and Paulus14 or no effect at all in people with SMI
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Studies on Swedish snus users have shown that the plasma steady-state levels of nicotine and its main metabolite, cotinine, are similar in Swedish snus users and cigarette smokers
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